Nobel prize questions

The Austrian neurologist and founder of psychoanalysis Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) was nominated for the Nobel Medicine Prize for the first time in 1915 by US neurologist William Alanson White, Freud went on to be nominated for a Nobel a total of 13 times until 1938, one year before his death in London. Freud has never received the Nobel Prize.

Doctor Zhivago is a novel by Boris Pasternak, first published in 1957 in Italy. The novel is named after its protagonist, Yuri Zhivago, a physician and poet, and takes place between the Russian Revolution of 1905 and World War II.

Sir William Lawrence Bragg was an Australian-born British physicist and X-ray crystallographer, discoverer of Bragg's law of X-ray diffraction, which is basic for the determination of crystal structure. Bragg was, until October 2014, the youngest ever Nobel laureate; he won the prize in 1915 at the age of 25. He remains the youngest recipient of the Physics Prize.

The Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs is an international organization that brings together scholars and public figures to work toward reducing the danger of armed conflict and to seek solutions to global security threats. It was founded in 1957 by Joseph Rotblat and Bertrand Russell. Rotblat and the Pugwash Conference jointly won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1995 for their efforts on nuclear disarmament.

Ernst Ruska was a German physicist who won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1986 for his work in electron optics. In 1931, he demonstrated that a magnetic coil could act as an electron lens, and used several coils in a series to build the first electron microscope in 1933.

According to the Alfred Nobel's will and testament read in Stockholm on 30th December 1896, a foundation established by Alfred Nobel would reward those who serve humanity. He bequeathed from the shares 94% of his fortune, that now forms the economic base of the Nobel Prize.

The book focuses on a group of British boys stranded on an uninhabited island. The author presents the reader with a chronology of events leading a group from hope to disaster, as they attempt to survive their uncivilized, unsupervised, isolated environment until rescued. William Golding explores the dark side of humanity, illustrating humankind's intrinsic evil nature.

In 1933, the Joliot-Curies made the discovery that radioactive elements can be artificially produced from stable elements. This was done by exposing aluminum foil to alpha particles. When the radioactive source was removed, the Joliot-Curies discovered that the aluminum had become radioactive. For their research, the couple was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1935.

John Nash was an American mathematician, Nobel Prize recipient, who made fundamental contributions to game theory. He was suffering from paranoid schizophrenia, and spent several years in psychiatric hospitals before his condition allowed him to return to academic work. His illness and other aspects of his life became the basis for the biographical drama film A Beautiful Mind starring Russell Crowe as Nash.

Alfred Nobel found that when nitroglycerin was incorporated in an absorbent inert substance like diatomaceous earth it became safer and more convenient to handle, and this mixture he patented in 1867 as "dynamite".