During World War II, the Allies recorded the serial numbers of captured German tanks' gearboxes. Why?

to track the movement of tanks
to identify the tanks re-captured by Germans
to estimate total tanks production
to take part in the "Top tank killer" contest
The allies found out, that the gearbox numbers fell in two unbroken sequences, so large production resulted in influx of large serial numbers. Today, the problem of estimating the maximum of a discrete uniform distribution from sampling without replacement, is known - in the English-speaking world - as the German tank problem.
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Answers by country

to track the movement of tanks
to identify the tanks re-captured by Germans
to estimate total tanks production
to take part in the "Top tank killer" contest
answers
flagthe Netherlands
3%
14%
76%
3%
55
flagRepublic of Ireland
4%
16%
70%
6%
62
flagPoland
7%
18%
66%
5%
30406
flagthe United Kingdom
7%
15%
66%
5%
468
flagFrance
2%
20%
65%
8%
35
flagNew Zealand
10%
14%
64%
7%
28
flagNorway
3%
23%
63%
3%
30
flagGermany
7%
16%
61%
10%
142
flagthe United States
14%
18%
58%
4%
1198
flagAustralia
18%
17%
58%
2%
107
flagIsrael
0%
31%
57%
0%
19
flagUnknown
19%
16%
54%
9%
42
flagCanada
12%
18%
52%
7%
106
flagGreece
18%
25%
51%
3%
27
flagMalaysia
20%
15%
50%
5%
20
flagSweden
17%
24%
48%
10%
29
flagSouth Africa
10%
35%
45%
0%
20
flagIndia
19%
29%
36%
8%
269
flagPakistan
30%
26%
34%
8%
23
flagthe Philippines
29%
27%
20%
20%
54