Top 10 Nobel prize facts

Oscar and Nobel Prize. He was the first person to be awarded both Nobel Prize and Oscar. He got the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1925. Despite his disdain for Hollywood, Shaw also won the Academy Award for best written screenplay in 1938.

Literature. Winston Churchill was a prolific writer. Churchill received the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1953 for his numerous published works, especially his six-volume work The Second World War.

He never won one. The Austrian neurologist and founder of psychoanalysis Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) was nominated for the Nobel Medicine Prize for the first time in 1915 by US neurologist William Alanson White, Freud went on to be nominated for a Nobel a total of 13 times until 1938, one year before his death in London. Freud has never received the Nobel Prize.

Wilhelm Röntgen. Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen German: was a German mechanical engineer and physicist, who, on 8 November 1895, produced and detected electromagnetic radiation in a wavelength range known as X-rays or Röntgen rays, an achievement that earned him the first Nobel Prize in Physics in 1901.

Oslo. No one knows for sure why the Nobel Peace Prize is awarded in Norway (accordingly to Nobel's will), as all the other Nobel Prizes are awarded in Stockholm, Sweden. The Norwegian Nobel Committee speculates that Nobel may have considered Norway better suited to awarding the prize, as it did not have the same militaristic traditions as Sweden.

Boris Pasternak. Doctor Zhivago is a novel by Boris Pasternak, first published in 1957 in Italy. The novel is named after its protagonist, Yuri Zhivago, a physician and poet, and takes place between the Russian Revolution of 1905 and World War II.

Chemistry. In 1933, the Joliot-Curies made the discovery that radioactive elements can be artificially produced from stable elements. This was done by exposing aluminum foil to alpha particles. When the radioactive source was removed, the Joliot-Curies discovered that the aluminum had become radioactive. For their research, the couple was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1935.

Nitroglycerin and diatomaceous earth . Alfred Nobel found that when nitroglycerin was incorporated in an absorbent inert substance like diatomaceous earth it became safer and more convenient to handle, and this mixture he patented in 1867 as "dynamite".

In his will. According to the Alfred Nobel's will and testament read in Stockholm on 30th December 1896, a foundation established by Alfred Nobel would reward those who serve humanity. He bequeathed from the shares 94% of his fortune, that now forms the economic base of the Nobel Prize.

Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen. The first Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded in 1901 to Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen, of Germany "in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered by the discovery of the remarkable rays subsequently named after him"