What is the largest element of the intraseasonal variability in the tropical atmosphere?
Intertropical Convergence Zone
Madden–Julian oscillation
El Niño–Southern Oscillation
The Madden–Julian oscillation is a large-scale coupling between atmospheric circulation and tropical deep convection. Unlike a standing pattern like the El Niño Southern Oscillation, the Madden–Julian oscillation is a traveling pattern that propagates eastward, through the atmosphere above the warm parts of the Indian and Pacific oceans. This overall circulation pattern manifests itself most clearly as anomalous rainfall.