Which disease devastated the native Amerindian population during the conquest of the Aztecs and the Incas by the Spaniards?
Cuitláhuac, the 10th tlatoani (ruler) of the Aztec city of Tenochtitlan, died of smallpox in 1520, shortly after its introduction to the Americas, and the Incan emperor Huayna Capac died of it in 1527. Some estimates indicate case fatality rates of 80–90% in Native American populations during smallpox epidemics.