Top 10 Earth facts

In January. Earth's perihelion occurs around January 3, and the aphelion around July 4. The distance change is about 3.5%, which gives 6.9% increase in solar energy reaching the Earth at perihelion relative to aphelion. Since the southern hemisphere is tilted toward the perihelion, the southern hemisphere receives more energy from the Sun than does the northern over the course of a year.

In Antarctica. With a salinity level of over 40%, Don Juan Pond is the saltiest of the Antarctic lakes. This salinity allows the pond to remain liquid even at temperatures as low as −50 °C (−58 °F) due to the interference of salts with the bonding of water molecules. Don Juan Pond was discovered in 1961 by George H. Meyer.

It increases UV radiation. In the ozone layer, ozone molecules absorb UV-B and UV-C radiation - short wavelength forms of ultraviolet that can disrupt organic molecules, producing cancerous changes in living cells.

By approx 6 meters. For each circle, the length of the circumference is c=2πr. Hence, if a radius grows by 1 meter, the circumference grows by 2 π meters - no matter what the initial value of radius was.

A the common ancestor of all current life on Earth. The last universal common ancestor (LUCA) is the most recent population of organisms from which all organisms now living on Earth have a common descent. LUCA is not thought to be the first living organism on Earth, but only one of many early organisms, whereas the others became extinct. In 2016 study identified a set of 355 genes inferred to have been present in LUCA. LUCA is estimated to have lived some 3.5 to 3.8 billion years ago in the Paleoarchean era.

Ojos del Salado. Nevado Ojos del Salado is a stratovolcano in the Andes on the Argentina–Chile border and the highest active volcano in the world at 6,893 m (22,615 ft).[3] It is also the second highest mountain in the Western Hemisphere and Southern Hemisphere and the highest in Chile.

A planet. According to the giant impact hypothesis Earth once collided with a planet of Mars size usually referred to as Theia, a titaness of Greek mythology, mother of Selene - Moon goddess, which is to reflect the believe the collision was an origin of the Moon.

Holocene. The Holocen is the youngest, contemporary epoch.The Holocene encompasses the growth and impacts of the human species worldwide, including all its written history, development of major civilizations, and overall significant transition toward urban living in the present.

Iron is most abundant in the Earth's outer and inner core, and it is the fourth most common element in the Earth's crust.

A mountain range in Switzerland. The Jurassic period is named for the Jura Mountains in between France and Switzerland, where many fossils have been found.