10 most difficult South America riddles

With 2.9 million people (2017), it is the largest city proper in the Northeast Region and the 4th-largest city proper in the country, after São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro and Brasília. Founded by the Portuguese in 1549 as the first capital of Brazil, Salvador is one of the oldest colonial cities in the Americas.

Aleixo Garcia was the first European to cross the Chaco and even managed to penetrate the outer defenses of the Inca Empire on the hills of the Andes, in present-day Bolivia. He was the first European to do so, accomplishing this eight years before Francisco Pizarro.

In the 19th century, there were no clear borders defined between Peru, Bolivia and Chile in the area of the Atacama desert. This became a problem with the discovery of valuable sodium nitrate deposits in the area.

The coat of arms (Escudo de Armas) has a palm branch on its left and an laurel one on its right. All four share the same escutcheon or shield, consisting of three elements: the top left section shows the vicuña, the national animal representing the fauna of Peru; the tree in the top right section is the cinchona tree representing the national flora; and the bottom cornucopia with coins spilling from it represents the mineral resources of the country.

Uruguay has the most championships in the tournament's history, with 15 cups. Next are Argentina (14); Brazil (8); Chile, Paraguay, and Peru (2 cups each).

The Paris Codex is devoted almost entirely to Mayan ritual and ceremony and is one of three surviving generally accepted pre-Columbian Maya books dating to the Period of Mesoamerican chronology (c. 900–1521 AD). The codex largely relates to a cycle of thirteen 20-year k'atuns and includes details of Maya astronomical signs.

Pardo is a term used in the Portuguese and Spanish colonies in the Americas to refer to the multiracial descendants of Europeans, Indigenous Americans, South Asians, and West Africans. The term "pardo" is more commonly used to refer to mixed-race Brazilians, individuals with varied racial ancestries.

There is only one ahu (group of statues), Ahu Akivi, with moai facing the ocean. It is unusual also by being one of the few inland ahus. At all other ahus (including all coastal ones) moai face inland.

Amazonia is a moist broadleaf forest in the Amazon biome that covers most of the Amazon basin of South America. It encompasses 7,000,000 km2, of which 5,500,000 km2 are covered by the rainforest. This region includes territory belonging to nine nations: Brazil, Peru, Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Bolivia, Guyana, Suriname and French Guiana.

The name of the game canasta comes from the Spanish language, in which the word "canasta" means "shopping basket", which refers to the collection of appropriate card layouts in the game. Kanasta was born in Uruguay, quickly developed in Argentina and in 1949 it reached the USA. In the 1950s it became popular all over the world.