In the Henry system of classification, there are three basic fingerprint patterns: loop, whorl, and arch, which constitute 60–65%, 30–35%, and 5% of all fingerprints respectively.There are also more complex classification systems that break down patterns even further, into plain arches or tented arches and into loops that may be radial or ulnar, depending on the side of the hand toward which the tail points.

Rozróżnia się wzory linii papilarnych pętlicowe, wirowe i łukowe. Badaniem linii papilarnych palców dłoni zajmuje się daktyloskopia. Prócz tego bada się linie papilarne dłoni (cheiroskopia), stóp (podoskopia), czerwieni wargowej (cheiloskopia).