The most difficult an­thro­pol­o­gy riddles

Homo floresiensis ("Flores Man"; nicknamed "hobbit") is an extinct species in the genus Homo. The remains of an individual that would have stood about 1.1 m (3 ft 7 in) in height were discovered in 2003 at Liang Bua on the island of Flores in Indonesia.

Among the Tiwi of the Melville and Bathurst islands off the northern coast of Australia, females were betrothed at birth. Females in this society were always married. This practice was related to the Tiwi belief that females became impregnated by child spirits. However, Tiwi society also required that every individual has a "social father" - a husband of the children's mother.

A woomera is a wooden Australian Aboriginal spear-throwing device. Similar to an atlatl, it serves as an extension of the human arm, enabling a spear to travel at a greater speed and force than possible with only the arm.

A quipu usually consisted of cotton or camelid fiber strings. The Inca people used them for collecting data and keeping records, monitoring tax obligations, properly collecting census records, calendrical information, and for military organization.

The tattoo of a Samoan man testifies his courage - the traditional way of applying is very painful. A Samoan without a tattoo, or with incomplete work, is exposed to mockery. The English word "tattoo" is probably derived from the Polynesian tau tau.