Top 10 phi­los­o­phy facts

None. As Socrates did not write philosophical texts, the knowledge of the man, his life, and his philosophy is entirely based on writings by his students and contemporaries.

Lyceum. The Lyceum was a gymnasium and public meeting place in Classical Athens named after the Apollo Lyceus, "wolf-god" of the grove that housed the Lyceum.

Taoism. The principle of yin and yang is represented in Taoism by the Taijitu (literally "Diagram of the Supreme Ultimate").

Diogenes of Sinope was an ancient Greek philosopher and self-proclaimed "Citizen of the World" who, at different points, allegedly lived in a wine barrel (or possibly another kind of jar), urinated on guests at a banquet, and made a regular practice of insulting famous figures and lecturing shoppers in the marketplace. Plato reportedly called him “a Socrates gone mad".

Socrates. The phrase, called the Socratic paradox, is a well-known saying that is derived from Plato's account of the Greek philosopher Socrates. However, it is not one that Socrates himself is ever recorded as saying.

Stagira. Aristotle was an ancient Greek philosopher and scientist born in the city of Stagira. Along with Plato, Aristotle is considered the "Father of Western Philosophy", which inherited almost its entire lexicon from his teachings, including problems and methods of inquiry, so influencing almost all forms of knowledge.

Economy. The paradox of value (also known as the diamond–water paradox) is the apparent contradiction that, although water is on the whole more useful, in terms of survival, than diamonds, diamonds command a higher price in the market. The philosopher Adam Smith is often considered to be the classic presenter of this paradox, although it had already appeared as early as Plato's Euthydemus. Nicolaus Copernicus, John Locke, John Law and others had previously tried to explain the disparity.

Pierre Proudhon. Pierre-Joseph Proudhon (1809–1865) was a French politician and the founder of mutualist philosophy He was the first person to declare himself an anarchist, using that term and is widely regarded as one of the ideology's most influential theorists. Proudhon is even considered by many to be the "father of anarchism".

German. Immanuel Kant was German philosopher Immanuel Kant (1724-1804) is considered the most influential thinker of the Enlightenment era and one of the greatest Western philosophers of all times.

Carpe diem. In Horace, the phrase is part of the longer carpe diem, quam minimum credula postero, which can be translated as "Seize the day, put very little trust in tomorrow". The ode says that the future is unforeseen and that one should not leave to chance future happenings, but rather one should do all one can today to make one's future better. This phrase is usually understood against Horace's Epicurean background.